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Rerunning our command now results in a lengthy Apache Tomcat errorwith no apparent output from our ls command. We're dealing with ablind injection so we'll need to figure out a different way to get theoutput of the command. One trick we can pull is redirecting output toa special pseudo device, /dev/tcp/$host/$port. We'll need toset up a listener on our end first:
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It looks like we've been dropped into the root directory. Let's look forwhere the web root is. Normally, the default is /var/www/html on mostlinux+apache based hosts. We'll try again with the command ls -al /var/www/html.
Now we can access -5ddb-4636-98a4-c2dac0f79ab0.phpand look around. If we do an ls in this webshell, it just returnsthe local directory, /var/www/html. Nothing in here suggests that wehave the webroot for the dev server,
For running this via the Struts exploit, we want this all as aone-liner. Let's break this up into two parts: first, we'll create thenecessary directory and file, and ensure the permissions are correct,then we'll add our key:
We can automate dropping a webshell and creating a mini shell to queryit. Assuming we have -2017-9805.py inthe same directory we can create a script to automate exploitation andgive us a prompt to execute commands.
The server itself housed two virtual web hosts, the Letters to Santa application which ran PHP in nginx and the Development site which was run by Apache Struts on a high port being redirected by nginx.
Sometimes it's better to use a Linux system as the SSH port forwarder, and interact with a Linux system from a Windows box. For example, running `ssh -L :445:SMBSERVERIP:445 username@sshserver` will allow you to access your Linux server's IP, which will forward directly to the SMB server over SSH.
The North Pole engineering team has introduced an Elf as a Service(EaaS) platform to optimize resource allocation for mission-criticalChristmas engineering projects at Visit the system and retrieveinstructions for accessing The Great Book page from C:\greatbook.txt.Then retrieve The Great Book PDF file by following those directions.What is the title of The Great Book page?
Try to avoid running Metasploit as root. In this case, we'll need to bind to a privileged port (445), but we can use iptables to redirect our traffic instead:sudo iptables -A PREROUTING -t nat -p tcp --dport 445 -j REDIRECT --to-port 3445
will cause Python to search for glob.py in the current directory,and then in some system-wide directories. If we can write a maliciousC:\Program Files\WindowsGrabber\glob.py, the next time the service restarts, our code will run as LocalSystem.
It's never a good idea to come up with your own encryption scheme with cookies. Alabaster told me he uses JWT tokens because they are super secure as long as you use a long and complex key. Otherwise, they could be cracked and recreated using any old framework like pyjwt to forge a key.
The interface we use lets us query our directory database with all the employee information. Per Santa's request, Alabaster restricted the search results to just the elves and reindeer. Hopefully, he secured that too. I found an article recently talking about injection against similar databases.
Alabaster told me he uses JWT tokens because they are super secure as long as you use a long and complex key. Otherwise, they could be cracked and recreated using any old framework like pyjwt to forge a key.
In question 2, we found Alabaster's password, which was pretty strong:stream_unhappy_buy_loss. During the course of the Hack, we foundsome other passwords, but were only able to crack Santa's passwordwith a simple wordlist. Let's do some digging and see if we can'tfigure out how Alabaster's password was generated.
In question 8, we recovered some LDAP password hashes. Let's see if wecan't crack more of those. Hashcat is our password cracker of choice,but it can't do passphrases from a word list. We only have 1,949words, and his password had 4 words chosen, so we can create a filewith all the two-word combinations, then use Hashcat's combinator modeto try all combinations of two words on the left half and two words onthe right half.
This comic explicitly mentions that these passwords are intended tokeep you safe via online attacks, and not the offline attacks we wereperforming. With our GPU cracking rig, we were testing over 200billion passwords per second, and these were designed to be resistantfor 1,000 per second.
Would adding more words help? Yes, but a 5 word combination wouldstill be crackable in less than a day and a half, and even a 6 wordcombination isn't out of reach for a determined (and well-funded)adversary.
MITM attack or a man-in-the-middle attack is a severe type of Cyber attack since the hacker will remain between the communication of two parties and steal all information. The data from both parties are used by the hacker to redirect the data to a third destination party leaving both parties compromised. 2ff7e9595c
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